Engine



S. F. EVELYN Jan. 2, 1934.

ENGINE Filed Oct. 10, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. 622w? FZ elyn ATTORNEY.

Jan. 2, 1934. s. F. EVELYN 1,942,206

ENGINE Filed Oct. 10, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

S. F. EVELYN Jan. 2, 1934.

ENGINE Filed Oct. 10, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Ukren FE/ ATTORNEY.

S. F. EVELYN Jan. 2, 1934.

ENGINE Filed Oct. 10, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. kfizren 2757/62 4 BY ATTORNEY.

Patented Jan. 2, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ENGINE Application October 10, 1931. Serial No. 568,003

21 Claims.

My invention relates to engines and more particularly to cylinder head structures for internal combustion engines of the overhead valve type.

In a great many engines and especially in engines of the overhead valve type it is difficult to increase the compression ratio due to the fact that adequate cooling of the combustion chamber cannot be readily obtained. An increase in the compression ratio above the usual practice necessitates additional cooling facilities for the combustion chamber to prevent detonation knock and in many instances the combustion chamber cannot be readily cooled sufficiently by ordinary means to overcome the resulting objectionable detonation knock tendency.

It is the object of my present invention to eliminate the aforesaid difficulties in an overhead valve engine such as referred to above.

Another object of my invention is to improve in general the operating characteristics of an overhead valve engine of the type herein illustrated by providing an improved cylinder head structure therefor wherein efficient cooling may be had to permit the increase of the compression ratio.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved cylinder head structure for engines of the character described in which a cooling medium may be circulated in proximity to an internal portion of the combustion chamber heretofore remotely located with respect to the cooling medium.

For a more detailed understanding of my invention reference may be had to the accompanying drawings illustrating preferred embodiments of my invention, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through an engine illustrating one of the engine cylinders and associated cylinder head structure,

Fig. 2 is a plan sectional View taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating a modified cylinder head structure,

Fig. 4 is a horizontal plan sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of another modified cylinder head structure,

Fig. 6 is a plan sectional view taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5,

59 Fig. 7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating still another modified cylinder head structure, and

Fig. 8 is a plan sectional view taken substantially on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Referring to the illustrated embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, 10 designates a cylinder having jacket portions 11 associated therewith and supporting a piston 12 operable in this cylinder. A cylinder head structure A is adapted to be secured to the cylinder and is provided with a combustion chamber 13 arranged substantially above the cylinder, said cylinder head closing the open end of said cylinder. This cylinder head structure is preferably provided with suitable water jacket portions 14 as communicating as at 15 with the cylinder jacket. The cylinder head supports suitable intake and exhaust valves 16 preferably in the manner illustrated by the drawings and such valves are termed overhead valves and are operated through the To agency of a rocker arm structure 17 and push rod 18. The upper wall of the combustion chamber 13 is preferably provided with ports and associated valve seats adapted for cooperation with the said valves in the customary manner.

In order to provide eflicient cooling of the combustion chamber, means are provided for circulating the cooling medium received in the cylinder head jacket 14 adjacent to the central portion of the combustion chamber which will permit the relative increase of the compression ratio of the engine. This is accomplished by providing the cylinder head structure with a laterally and inwardly extending shelf 19 which is cored out as at 20 to provide a jacket through which the cooling medium may be circulated. Preferably the shelf is spaced from the top wall of the combustion chamber as at 21 and the lower face of the shelf is arranged to overlie a portion of the cylinder and to have clearance 22 with respect to the piston 12 when the same is at top dead center. The shelf 19 thus provides spaced top and bottom walls 23 and 24 whichare preferably connected by posts or other suitable reinforcing structures 25, preferably cast integrally with the cylinder head structure, the cooling medium being adapted to circulate in that space between the walls 23 and 24 of said shelf portion.

It will be noted on examining the illustrated embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 that the shelf terminates at a point adjacent the outer periphery of the valve head so as to provide clearance for the assembly of said valves and for grinding the valve seats when necessary. A spark plug 26 or other suitable ignition means is associated with the combustion chamber and is preferably located at the side of the engine as shown in Fig. 1.

In Figs. 3 and 4 a modified form of construction is illustrated and provides a shelf portion 19' laterally extending inwardly of the combustion chamber in a manner similar to that illustrated in Fig. l and preferably terminating at a point adjacent the valve 16 to provide clearance for assembling the valve and grinding the valve seat. This shelf overlies the cylinder to the same extent as the shelf 19 illustrated in Fig. 1 and is preferably provided with passages or holes 27 extending substantially axially of the cylinder for connecting that portion of the combustion chamber above the shelf and below the wall 28 of the combustion chamber with the cylinder. Preferably these passages are cored through the partitions 29 formed in the cylinder head structure, said partitions connecting the upper and lower walls 23 and 24' .of the shelf respectively. It will be noted on referring to Fig. 4 that the cooling medium or water may be circulated between the partitions 29 and the upper and lower walls 23' and 24 in the recess 29 lying between the partitions 29. Obviously any desired number of these passages may be formed in the shelf structure and such passages which communicate with the combustion chamber serve to provide means for creating turbulence therein for improving engine performance.

The engine structure shown in Figs. 5 and 6 illustrates a modified form of construction and the engine cylinder herein illustrated is designated by the reference character 30 and is provided with suitable jacket portions 31 through which a cooling medium such as water may be circulated. A piston 32 operates in the cylinder in the usual manner. Acylinder head structure B is adapted to be secured to the cylinder structure 30 and provides a combustion chamber 33 preferably arranged above the cylinder, said cylinder head being adapted to close the open end of the cylinder and is additionally provided with overhead intake and exhaust valves 34. In the structure illustrated the cylinder head is pref erably provided with a recessed portion 35 and an insert 36 is supported by the cylinder head preferably within the combustion. chamber 33, said insert being adapted to have a press fit within the recess 35. This insert as illustrated in the accompanying drawings is arranged to preferably overlie more than half of the cylinder and as shown the same also overlies the intake and exhaust valves 34. The insert 36 is so supported by the cylinder head as to provide a space 37 below the upper wall 38 ofthe combustion chamber and the top face of the insert and the insert is preferably provided with a cored out opening or jacket 39- lying intermediate the upper and lower walls 40 and 41 respectively of the insert. The cylinder head structure is provided with one or more ports 42 which place the inner jacket 39 of the insert in communication with the cylinder head jacket 43. The insert 36 is preferably provided with a plurality of passages 44 extending therethrough axially of the cylinder for connect- 7 ing the space 37 of the combustion chamber with the cylinder, and it will be noted that these passages are preferably drilled or otherwise formed in a plurality of pillars or posts 45 which connect the upper and lower walls 40 and 41 of the insert. In the construction illustrated it will be noted that the cooling medium is circulated around each of the passages 44 and thus efiicient cooling of the insert and surrounding combustion chamber may be had, A spark plu 46 or other suitable ignition means may be associated with the combustion chamber and it is preferably located in the side wall thereof as shown in Fig. 5.

It may be noted that when employing a cylinder head structure such as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 that the valves 34 must be assembled before the insert 36 is secured in place and on servicing said engine it is necessary to remove the insert before access may be had to the valves for replacing same or grinding the valve seats.

A further modificationis illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 these figures illustrating a modified form of insert which is assembled intermediate the cylinder 50 and cylinderhead C, saidinsert in general being designated by the reference character 51. between the interengaging faces of the insert, With cylinder head and cylinder. The insert 51 as shown is so constructed as to providea space 53 above the same and below the top wall 54 ofthe combustion chamber 55. Overhead valves 56 are suitably supported by the cylinder head and it will be noted that the insert 15 overlies the valve heads as well as the cylinder. The insert 51 is provided with suitable ports 5'7 and 58 respectively cooperating with cylinder ports 59 and cylinder head ports 60 for placing the inner jacket 61 of the insert 51 in communication with the jackets 62 and 63 of the cylinder and cylinder head respectively.

The construction of the shelf portion formed by this insert 51 which extends laterally inwardly of the combustion chamber and overlies the cylinder is preferably constructed in a manner similar to the construction of the insert 36 illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, the same being provided with passages 64 extending therethrough in a direction substantially parallel with the axis of the cylinder for connecting the space 53 of the combustion chamber with the cylinder, said passages being preferably formed in posts or pillars 65 connecting the upper and lower walls 66 and 67 respectively of the insert, these posts being preferably surrounded by the jacket portion 61 through which the cooling medium is circulated.

It will thus be noted that I have provided a very simple construction for improving the performance of an engine of the character described. The constructions shown in the accompanying drawings provide means for adequately supplying a cooling medium to that portion of the combustion chamber which heretofore lies relatively remote from the cooling jacket surrounding the combustion chamber. This permits the construction of a cylinder head having a relatively smaller combustion chamber which results in providing an engine having a relatively higher compression ratio and thereby provides an engine which will develop relatively more power for the same displacement and with the same bore and stroke.

I preferably provide a spark plug or other ignition means '70 which is preferably carried by the insert 51 and is located in the position as shown in Fig. 7 to provide a spark in the enlarged portion of the combustion chamber formed by the relatively large passage '71 extending through the insert. It may also be noted that the insert 36 is provided with a relatively large passage 71 in the region of the spark plug 46 which extends through the insert, the passage 71 being preferably fo-rmed by providing the insert with a recessed outer wall portion '72.

It may be further noted that the constructions illustrated in Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive provide grid supported internally of the combustion chamber, said shelf and passages therethrough forming such a grid. The rate of pressure rise is slowed Suitable gaskets'52 may be employed up due to the relatively increased cooling facilities and the grid structure located internally of the combustion chamber which extends above and below said grid structure.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my invention pertains that various modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In an overhead valve internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, valves overlying the cylinder and supported by said head for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder head structure having an inwardly extending jacketed shelf spaced from the top of the combustion chamber and overlying a portion of said cylinder, said shelf having clearance with that portion of the combustion chamber axially inwardly of the valves.

2. In an overhead valve internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, valves overlying the cylinder and supported by said head for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder head structure having an inwardly extending jacketed shelf spaced from the top of the combustion chamber and overlying a portion of said cylinder, said shelf constructed to provide a minimum clearance with respect to said piston when same is at top dead center and having clearance with that portion of the combustion chamber located axially inwardly of the valves.

3. In an overhead valve internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, valves overlying the cylinder and supported for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder head structure having an inwardly extending jacketed shelf overlying a portion of said cylinder and spaced from the top wall of said combustion chamber, said shelf having clearance with that portion of the combustion chamber located axially inwardly of the valves, and spark ignition means located in a side wall of the combustion chamber opposite to said shelf.

4. In an overhead valve internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, valves overlying the cylinder and supported for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder head structure having an inwardly extending lateral shelf spaced from the top wall of said combustion chamber and provided with a jacket adapted for receiving a cooling medium, said shelf overlying a. portion of the cylinder, said shelf having clearance with that portion of the combustion chamber located axially inwardly of the valves.

5. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, 9. cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, said cylinder head structure having an inwardly extending lateral shelf spaced from the top wall of said combustion chamber and provided with a jacket adapted for receiving a cooling medium, said shelf overlying a portion of the cylinder and provided with passages.

6. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, said cylinder head structure having an inwardly extending lateral shelf spaced from the top wall of said combustion chamber and provided with a jacket adapted for receiving a cooling medium, said shelf overlying a portion of the cylinder and provided with a plurality of passages extending substantially axially of the cylinder.

7. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a recessed portion forming a combustion chamber, said cylinder head structure including a jacketed insert removably secured within the recess of said head and spaced from the top of the combustion cham-= ber, said insert overlying a portion of the cylinder.

8. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and having a recess providing a combustion chamber, said cylinder head structure including a jacketed insert removably secured within the recess of said head and spaced from the top of the combustion chamber, said insert having a jacket adapted for receiving a cooling medium and constructed to overlie a portion of the cylinder.

9. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, said cylinder head structure including an insert removably secured to said head and spaced from the top of the combustion chamber, said insert having a jacket adapted for receiving a cooling medium and constructed to overlie a portion of the cylinder, said insert having passages extending therethrough for placing that portion of the combustion chamber above the insert in communication with the cylinder.

10. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, valves overlying the cylinder and supported for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder head structure including jacketed insert removably secured to said head and spaced from the top of the combustion chamber, said insert overlying more than half of said cylinder and underlying the valves.

11. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, said head having overhead intake and exhaust valves supported for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, a jackeied insert removably secured to said cylinder head and spaced from the top wall of the combus ion chamber, said insert overlapping at least a portion of some of said valves.

12. In an inernal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in said cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder and provided with a combustion chamber, said head having overhead intake and 150 exhaust valves,- a jacketed insert secured intermediate said head and cylinder and overlapping at least a portion of some of said valves and said cylinder, said insert constructed to provide a passage adjacent the cylinder wall, and spark ignition means in said passage.

13. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in the cylinder, a cylinder head struclure for closing the open end of said cylinder, said head and piston cooperating to provide a combustion chamber, and a jacketed shelf portion projecting internally of the combustion chamber and spaced from the outer wall of the combustion chamber and piston when the latter is in its outermost position of travel, said shelf portion constructed to provide a passage adjacent the cylinder wall, and spark ignition means in said passage.

14.. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in the cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder, said head and piston cooperating to provide a combustion chamber, and a jacketed grid portion projeciing internally of the combustion chamber.

15. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operable in the cylinder, a cylinder head structure for closing the open end of said cylinder, said head and piston cooperating to provide a combustion chamber, and a jacketed grid porlion projecting internally of the combustion chamber and constructed to overlie more than one-half of the engine cylinder.

16. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type having a cylinder, a cylinder head, a piston cooperating therewith to provide a combustion chamber, said cylinder head carrying overhead intake and exhaust valves overlying the cylinder and supported for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, and a jacketed grid projecting internally of said combustion chamber, said grid spaced from the outer wall of the combustion chamber.

17. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type having a cylinder, a cylinder head, a piston cooperating therewith to provide a combustion chamber, said cylinder head carrying intake and exhaust valves supported for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, and a jacketed grid projecting internally of said combustion chamber and overlying at least a portion of said valves.

18. In a jacketed internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type having a cylinder, a cylinder head, a piston cooperating therewith to provide a combustion chamber, said cylinder head carrying intake and exhaust valves, and a jacketed grid projecting internally of said combustion chamber, said grid jacket portion communica'ing with the engine jacket portions.

19. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type having a cylinder, a cylinder head for closing the outer open end of the cylinder, a piston cooperating therewith to provide a combustion chamber located subsantially beyond the outer limits of the cylinder, valves supported by said head for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder and cylinder head having communicating jacket portions through which'a cooling medium may be circulated, a jackeed shelf portion associated with said cylinder head and extending substantially in a plane transverse to the cylinder axis and located substantially beyond the outer limits of the cylinder, said shelf portion overlying a portion of the engine cylinder, said shelf jacket portion communicating with the cylinder head jacket portion, said shelf portion having a depth more than half the depth of the combustion chamber but less than the full depth of the combustion chamber as measured longitudinally of the cylinder axis, whereby to provide clearance between the upper face of the shelf portion and outer wall of the combustion chamber and to provide clearance between the lower face of the shelf portion and the outer face of the piston when it its outermost position of travel, said shelf portion having a wall extending axially of the cylinder inwardly of the cylinder wall and defining one side wall of the combustion chamber, and spark ignition means located adjacent a wall of the combustion chamber opposite to said vertical wall of the combustion chamber formed by said shelf portion.

20. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type having a cylinder, a cylinder head for closing the outer open end of the cylinder, a piston cooperating therewith to provide a combustion chamber located substantially beyond the outer limi's of the cylinder, valves supported by said head for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder and cylinder head having communicating jacket portions through which a cooling medium may be circulated, a jacketed shelf portion associated with said cylinder head and exending substantially in a plane transverse to the cylinder axis and located substantially beyond the outer limits of the cylinder, said shelf portion overlying a portion of the engine cylinder, said shelf jacket portion communicating with the cylinder head jacket portion, said shelf portion having a depth more than half the depth of the combustion chamber but less than the full depth of the combustion chamber as measured longitudinally of the cylinder axis, whereby to provide clearance between the upper face of the shelf portion and outer wall of the combustion chamber and to provide clearance between the lower face of the shelf portion and the ou er face of the piston when in its outermost position of travel, said shelf portion having a wall extending axially of the cylinder inwardly of the cylinder wall and defining one side wall of the combustion chamber, said combustion chamber having a second wall spaced from and substantially parallel with the vertical wall formed by said shelf portion, and spark ignition means carried by said second wall.

21. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type having a cylinder, a cylinder head for closing the outer open end of the cylinder, a piston cooperating therewith to provide a combustion chamber located substantially beyond the outer limits of the cylinder, valves supported by said head for opening movement inwardly of the cylinder, said cylinder and cylinder head having communicating jacket portions through which a cooling medium may be circulated, a jacketed shelf portion associated with said cylinder head and extending substantially in a plane transverse to the cylinder axis and located substantially beyond the outer limits of the cylinder, said shelf portion overlying a portion of the engine cylinder,said shelf jacket portion communicating with the cylinder head jacket portion, said shelf portion having a depth more than half the depth of the combustion chamber but less than the full depth of the combustion chamber as measured longitudinally of the cylinder axis, whereby to provide clearance between wall formed by said shelf portion, said parallel walls forming a combustion chamber portion in unrestricted communication with the engine cylinder and connecting that portion of the combustion chamber above the shelf portion with the engine cylinder, and spark ignition means located in said combustion chamber portion defined by said parallel walls.

STEVEN F. EVELYN. 

